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Kīlauea Weekly Report, June 22, 2021

One month has passed since the last visible lava on Kīlauea, while subsurface magma movement continues. With no notable changes in this week’s USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory update, the only unusual monitoring signal over the past week is an apparent contraction across the summit caldera suggested by the GPS distance measurement. The magnitude of the summit-wide GPS signal is small and its significance is still unclear, as similar ranges of change during the eruption in January and February 2021 were concurrent with large Deflation-Inflation cycles (DI). Those ground-tilt cycles have persisted beyond the eruption, recently occurring at a rate of one large event per week, and have been considered a background process independent of other changes on the volcano. The baseline tilt over the past week is somewhat obscured by the DI, but appears to have at a minimum slowed its inflationary trend of the past month, if not ceased. The progression of the monitoring signals over the next few weeks will offer further clues to the adjustments within the volcano, as larger deflationary signals at its summit could signify a shifting balance of magma towards its upper east rift zone, which continues to refill, as stated for some time in USGS updates. Meanwhile, seismicity on Kīlauea continues similar to recent weeks, with slightly elevated activity near the volcano’s summit, upper east rift connector, upper east rift, and nearby south flank. Also reflected in the weekly USGS counts are the nearby deep Pāhala earthquakes, where a magnitude 4.5, on June 17th, was the largest event in the ongoing seismic swarm since August 2019, and was followed by about 40 aftershocks larger than magnitude 1.7 in the ensuing days. Gas emissions remain low within the new background range, with the most recent measurement registering 50 tonnes per day of SO2 on June 16th. No glow remains visible from the recent eruption, though small spots of remnant heat remain evident on the crusted lava lake surface and the West Vent. Taken altogether, are these signs of significant change, or of a new normal? Perhaps a little of both, as Kīlauea’s most recent surface activity was much shorter-lived than its previous, 35-year Puʻuʻōʻō eruption, and is the first to follow the 2018 summit collapse. The new normal may be more frequent changes near the surface driven by a long-term background trend of elevated magma supply at depth, with the 2020-2021 eruption as one of the first steps of that process. The volcano appears to already be slowly building pressure as we continue to await its next move. #Kilauea2021 Join our weekly live video review of Kīlauea and Maunaloa volcanoes, at 5pm Hawaiʻi time Thursdays as of June 2021! To support our productions please like, share and subscribe! Mahalo! Image 1: USGS-HVO map of Kīlauea showing earthquakes over the past week, colored by depth. Image 2: USGS-HVO graph of Kīlauea summit cross-caldera distance measured by GPS over the past year, showing a small change in the past week.

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Episode 16 Has Ended

Episode 16 Has Ended

Episode 16 of the ongoing Halemaʻumaʻu eruption ended at 12:03 p.m. HST on April 2 when high fountaining at the south vent stopped. Fountains from the south vent sustained heights of 600-700 feet (180-210 meters) for over 23 hours, then dropped to less than 300 feet (90 meters) at 9:50 a.m. HST this morning, April 2. Overall, episode 16 lasted just over 37 hours with the last 25 hours and 39 minutes consisting of fountains from the south vent. During episode 16, lava flows covered over 50% of the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu within the southern part of Kaluapele (Kīlauea caldera). Weak winds also resulted in deposition of Pele's hair and tephra in closed areas of Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park and on Highway 11 between mile marker 35 and 37 on April 1. Additional details about the eruption were posted earlier in the March 31 Status Report and the April 1 Status Report and the April 1 Daily Update for Kīlauea along with the April 2 Daily Update for Kīlauea. The UWD tiltmeter recorded just over 14 microradians of deflation during episode 16, with 11 microradians lost on the SDH tiltmeter. Deflation rate was constant throughout the first part of the eruption reflecting the stable nature of activity from the south and north vents. The deflation rate slowed slightly after the north vent shut down April 1 at 9:22 p.m. HST. The end of the eruption was coincident with a rapid change in tilt from deflation to inflation at the summit and a decrease in seismic tremor intensity when the fountains ceased at 12:03 p.m. HST. Each episode of Halemaʻumaʻu lava fountaining since December 23, 2024, has continued for at least 13 hours, and up to 8 days, and episodes have been separated by pauses in eruptive activity lasting less than 24 hours to 12 days. Timeline of eruption episodes since December 23, 2024: https://www.usgs.gov/volcanoes/kilauea/science/eruption-information Two Kīlauea summit livestream videos are available here: Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii (West Halemaʻumaʻu crater) v1cam and Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii (East Halemaʻumaʻu crater)v2cam No changes have been detected in the East Rift Zone or Southwest Rift Zone. HVO continues to closely monitor Kīlauea and will issue an eruption update tomorrow morning unless there are significant changes before then. Kīlauea Volcano Alert Level/Aviation Color Code remain at WATCH/ORANGE. All current and recent activity is within Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park. Via USGS Volcanoes

Ryan Finlay · 11h

Episode 16 High Fountains Have Started

Episode 16 High Fountains Have Started

The high fountaining stage of episode 16 has begun just now! “High fountaining began from the south vent at 10:24 am HST on April 1. The change was preceded by about 5 minutes of steadily increasing vigor. South vent fountains are currently about 200 feet (70 meters) high. No change at north vent.”

Ryan Finlay · 2d

Episode 15 might be starting very soon!

Episode 15 might be starting very soon!

Update: the cycles are continuing with gaps of about 4 minutes. I started documenting these not thinking there would be this many cycles before the main fountaining started on this episode 😂. I'm going to head to bed so I won't be filling any more of the data in tonight. Have a good night everyone and enjoy the show. Episode 15 might be starting very soon! The lake was just visible with a good bit of fountaining, and now has dropped down. This cycle will keep repeating until the more vigorous fountains are continuous and much higher. When will the large fountains arrive? We shall see! North Vent Fountain Activity: 1st: Start 9:26 AM - Stop 9:32 AM - Gap to Next 23 minutes 2nd: Start 9:55 AM - Stop 10:01 AM - Gap to Next 10 minutes 3rd: Start 10:11 AM - Stop 10:20 AM - Gap to Next 9 minutes 4th: Start 10:29 AM - Stop 10:39 AM - Gap to Next 9 minutes 5th: Start 10:48 AM - Stop 10:58 AM - Gap to Next 9 minutes 6th: Start 11:07 AM - Stop 11:18 AM - Gap to Next 8 minutes 7th: Start 11:26 AM - Stop 11:37 AM - Gap to Next 7 minutes 8th: Start 11:44 AM - Stop 11:56 AM - Gap to Next 7 minutes 9th: Start 12:03 PM - Stop 12:19 PM - Gap to Next 6 minutes 10th: Start 12:25 PM - Stop 12:41 PM - Gap to Next 6 minutes 11th: Start 12:47 PM - Stop 1:03 PM - Gap to Next 5 minutes 12th: Start 1:08 PM - Stop 1:24 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 13th: Start 1:28 PM - Stop 1:41 PM - Gap to Next 5 minutes 14th: Start 1:46 PM - Stop 1:58 PM - Gap to Next 2 minutes 15th: Start 2:00 PM - Stop 2:15 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 16th: Start 2:19 PM - Stop 2:32 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 17th: Start 2:36 PM - Stop 2:48 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 18th: Start 2:51 PM - Stop 3:03 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 19th: Start 3:06 PM - 3:18 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 20th: Start 3:21 PM - 3:33 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 21st: Start 3:37 PM - 3:49 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 22nd: Start 3:52 PM - 4:04 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 23rd: Start 4:07 PM - 4:18 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 24th: Start 4:21 PM - 4:33 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 25th: Start 4:37 PM - 4:48 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 26th: Start 4:51 PM - 5:17 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 27th: Start 5:20 PM - 5:31 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 28th: Start 5:35 PM - 5:45 PM - Gap to Next 3 minutes 29th: Start 5:48 PM - 6:00 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 30th: Start 6:04 PM - 6:14 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 31st: Start 6:18 PM - 6:30 PM - Gap to Next 5 minutes 32nd: Start 6:35 PM - 6:46 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 33rd: Start 6:50 PM - 7:01 PM - Gap to Next 4 minutes 34th: Start 7:05 PM - 7:17 PM - Gap to Next 5 minutes 35th: Start 7:22 - tbd Once the gaps stop, and the fountaining becomes continuous, the large fountains will very soon begin.

Ryan Finlay · 9d

Lava Fountain Reaches 700+ Feet

Lava Fountain Reaches 700+ Feet

When lava stopped fountaining in the north vent, the south vent fountain increased in height significantly around 8am to possibly just over 700 feet as seen in this video!

Elijah Finlay · 14d

Episode 14 Fountaining Underway

Episode 14 Fountaining Underway

Update: Episode 14 is fountaining very high right now, as of 7:49am HST. It was way over the top of the crater rim! Sustained fountaining from Episode 14 began in the south vent at 6:30 a.m. HST, followed by the north vent at 6:50 a.m. HST. Fountain heights are reaching 400-600 ft and lava flows cover ~50% of the Halema'uma'u crater floor at 7:20am HST.

Ryan Finlay · 14d

Episode 13 Has Started

Episode 13 Has Started

Episode 13 has begun! According to USGS Volcanoes, Episode 13 started at 2:36 AM HST on March 11 with small lava flows from the north vent. Within 10 minutes, high fountains erupted, reaching 300 feet (100 meters) by 3:05 AM HST. By 3:20 AM HST, the north vent fountains grew to 400-500 feet. Meanwhile, lava flows from the south vent began at 3:12 AM HST, with fountains starting by 3:30 AM HST and hitting 200 feet by 3:40 AM HST. If this episode follows recent patterns, it will erupt for 13-22 hrs, or until somewhere between 4pm Tuesday afternoon to 1am Wednesday morning. 🤙

Ryan Finlay · 23d